{"id":14692,"date":"2019-01-18T15:53:10","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T15:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ais.al\/new\/?p=14692"},"modified":"2019-01-18T16:16:03","modified_gmt":"2019-01-18T16:16:03","slug":"ais-proposals-on-the-draft-law-on-some-additions-and-amendments-of-the-law-on-audiovisual-media-in-the-republic-of-albania-and-law-on-electronic-communications-in-the-republic-of-albania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/ais-proposals-on-the-draft-law-on-some-additions-and-amendments-of-the-law-on-audiovisual-media-in-the-republic-of-albania-and-law-on-electronic-communications-in-the-republic-of-albania\/","title":{"rendered":"AIS PROPOSALS ON THE DRAFT LAW &#8220;ON SOME ADDITIONS AND AMENDMENTS OF THE LAW &#8220;ON AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA&#8221; AND LAW &#8221; ON ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Brief introduction<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\">The\nInternet <em>&#8220;enables people to have access to information and services, to\nconnect and communicate, and to globally share ideas and knowledge. It provides\nthe essential tools for participation and consideration in political activities\nand other public interest activities<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>.\u201d\n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\">According\nto the European Court of Human Rights, the Internet is <em>&#8220;<\/em><em>an information and\ncommunication tool particularly distinct from the printed media, especially as\nregards the capacity to store and transmit information. The electronic network,\nserving billions of users worldwide, is not and potentially will never be\nsubject to the same regulations and control. The risk of harm posed by content\nand communications on the Internet to the exercise and enjoyment of human\nrights and freedoms, particularly the right to respect for private life\u2026.. is\ncertainly higher than that posed by the press<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn2\"><em><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\">Furthermore, in the case of <em>Ahmet Yildirim v Turkey<\/em>, the\nEuropean Court of Human Rights stressed that: <em>\u201c<\/em><em>Internet has now become one of the\nprincipal means by which individuals exercise their right to freedom of\nexpression and information.\u201d<\/em> <a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> The\nCourt also recognized that: <em>\u201cdefamation and\nother types of illicit speech, including hate speech and violence-inducing\nlanguage can be disseminated as never before, worldwide, in just a few seconds\nand in some cases stay permanently in the media <\/em><a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u201d. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\">The European Court of\nHuman Rights has sanctioned that the first and most important requirement of\nArticle 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights is that the interference\nof any public authority with regard to the right to expression should be\nlawful. In order to comply with this important requirement, the interference\ndoes not simply require basis in the domestic law of the country. The law\nitself must correspond to some important &#8220;quality&#8221; requirements. In\nparticular, a norm can only be considered a law only when it is designed with\nprecision to enable citizens to regulate their behaviour.<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> The measure of precision\ndepends to a large extent on the content of the instrument in question, the\nfield for which it is designed to cover, as well as the number and status of\nthose to whom it is addressed<a href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>. While the notion of\npredictability applies not only to the stage of behavioural implementation, but\nalso to &#8220;<em>formality, conditions, limitations or sanctions<\/em>&#8221; that\nare associated with such behaviour if considered in violation of domestic law\nof the country<a href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Recommendations <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The\napproach to regulate the &#8220;internet defamation\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> issue at the same\ntime and with the same legal act regulating audiovisual media and electronic\ncommunications is not recommended. The regulation of audiovisual\nmedia\/electronic communications and the transfer of the regulation of the\ndefamation issue to the internet domain in them is an incorrect legislative\napproach.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>Human\nrights do not exclude the prohibition and punishment of defamation, even in the\nfield of the internet. Freedom of expression of the individual is also applied\non the internet, as is practicable in any other mean of communication.\nLimitations are only permissible if they pass the three-part test: legality,\nlegitimacy and proportionality. Interferences in freedom of expression are\nlegitimate if: a) are provided by law; b) they pursue a lawful purpose; c) are\nnecessary in a democratic society.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>As\nper above, AIS is of the opinion that public authorities have all the <em>&#8220;margin\nof appreciation&#8221;<\/em> to regulate by law the issue of defamation on the\nInternet. However, this issue should be regulated only by a separate law &#8211; an\nintegral law &#8211; dedicated and covering only this issue without setting it and\nadding\/amending other laws, whether they are related to electronic\ncommunications or not. The UK Defamation Act model can serve as a valid model\nfor the content and legislative technique recommended in this case.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The new integral law should not have in itself the purpose of punishing,\nbut the definition of development options, specified and effective legal\napproaches that are appropriate for the unique features of the internet.\nSelf-regulation should be foreseen as an effective mean of addressing hate\nspeech, defamation, extremism, etc. and as such should be promoted.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul>Raising awareness and educating efforts to promote everyone&#8217;s ability to\nbe included in an autonomously, self-propelled and accountable manner on the Internet\nshould be an incorporated element of the new integral law. In this regard,\naccording to the international law, the state has a number of positive\nobligations it has to fulfill. This component is known as &#8220;<em>internet literacy&#8221;.<\/em><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The language used in the texts of articles should be revised. The\ndeadlines foreseen in the draft law are such and start for example: <em>The request for the right of reply should be\nsubmitted to the OSHPE within 7 days from the date of the publication of the\nfacts and information that are allegedly incorrect<\/em>. If failed to comply\nwith such deadline, the request is not presented or even when it is filed shall\nnot be considered.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"> <ul>The deadline in this article and in other articles should not be related\nto the date of publication of the information, but to the date of receiving of\nthe information by the complainant and the evidence that he has become aware\nof. For example, a person may become aware that he was slandered from a portal\nwith a one-month delay (because the person does not visit at all any portal)\nand not within a few days of publication, as provided by the law.<\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The new integral law (as well as the two draft laws in consultation)\nshould eliminate as far as possible general wording. For example, what it means\n<em>&#8220;inaccurate information for a\nperson&#8221;<\/em> or <em>&#8220;The provider of\nthe electronic publication service should ensure that the handling of events,\nincluding issues that are subjects of public debate, is fair to all interested subjects\nin these issue and be presented in a true and impartial manner.&#8221; <\/em>This\ndefinition is difficult to understand and even apply. If a person opens his\nblog and expresses his opinions, for example, to oppose the entry into the\nEuropean Union of Albania then how this blogger should properly regulate his\nbehavior to be true and impartial ??!! The online blog according to the provisions\nof both draft laws is included in their area of action.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul>Other general terms used in\ndraft laws and affecting the standards of precision requested by the European\nCourt of Human Rights that must be reviewed are &#8220;<em>the provider of the service of electronic publication: should not\nviolate the dignity and fundamental human rights<\/em>&#8221; or &#8220;<em>to observe the rules of public morality<\/em>&#8220;;\nor &#8220;<em>not to affect public safety<\/em>&#8220;,\netc. etc.<\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The new integral law and the provisions in the two\ndraft laws in consultation should not set online the registration media, in any\nform, as a condition so the latter can operate in a free manner. It is\nunderstandable that registration requirements at AKEP (or any other body) may\nbe set, for example, if these portals apply to obtain financial assistance from\nthe state, but in any case the registration should be simple, in a transparent\nand politically impartial procedure, and in any case not to affect editorial\nindependence.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>AIS deems that the only institution that can and\nshould order the blocking\/suspension <a href=\"#_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> should be the court of the\nrespective district court, the civil section. There is no reason, as provided\nin the draft-law, to add another administrative way. Moreover, the vetting\nprocedures in the judiciary &#8211; which are in process of implementation &#8211; increase\nguarantees to decision-making by an independent judiciary outside of political influence\nand professional in this area as well. The new integral law should also contain\ndetailed provisions for the court to ensure a fair trial. In this regard, court\nproceedings outside the Code of Civil Procedure have also been applied in the\ncase of the law &#8220;On Measures against Domestic Violence&#8221;.\nConsequently, quick, effective, transparent procedures and in compliance with\nthe principle of fair trial are possible to be provided in this particular\nintegral law. The decision to block\/suspend will be like any reasoned court\ndecision where the means of appeal will be provided accordingly.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul>The measure of temporary\nsuspension should also be given by a reasoned decision of the court. The new\nintegral law, at every stage of the judicial review, should provide for quick\nand effective adjudication and decision-making time limits.<\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The new integral law should provide that the measure\nof blocking\/suspending access to certain Internet sites constitutes a very\nserious measure of interference with freedom of expression. As such, the extent\nof the block should be considered by law as the ultimate extreme measure that\ncan only be undertaken in well-specified cases by the law, justifying such\nmeasure. These measures are missing in the draft law text because they relate\nonly to a numerical criterion of the administrative offense, which hardly\npasses the test of extreme of violation.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>The same rights as being off-line (outside the scope\nof the internet) rights, obligations, behavioural rules are the same when using\nthe Internet, especially the right to express themselves and access to\ninformation. Words, conditions and circumstances for blocking\/suspending access\nto the Internet should be well-defined in the law and not by general wording.<\/li><\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"> <ul>Even in\ntheir interpretation by the court, the new law must sanction that such\ninterpretations should clearly refer to the narrower and least restrictive\nconcept.<\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul><li>Any blocked\/suspended website should also have the\nnecessary information in a non-professional legal jargon about who has demanded\nthe blocking, the reasons for the blocking decision, the court decision, the\ntime limits when this blocking is valid, etc.<\/li><\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 18.0pt;\"><ul>As a rule, suspension\/blocking of the entire website\nshould not be permissible. Any court order for blocking\/suspension must be\nconcrete and any other lawful information, even if it is accessory on the\nwebsite, should not be subject to blocking\/suspension.<\/ul><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AIS<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Recommendation\nCM (Rec) (2011) 8 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the\nProtection and Promotion of Universality, Integrity and Internet Openness,\nadopted by the Committee of Ministers on 11 September 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Case <em>Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and Shtekel\nv Ukraine<\/em>, decision of 5 May 2011, paragraph 63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Case <em>Ahmet Yildirim v Turkey<\/em>, decision of 8\nDecember 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Case <em>Defli AS v Estonia<\/em>, decision of 16 June\n2015, paragraph 110<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Case <em>Lindon, Otchakovsky-Lauren, and July v\nFrance<\/em>, application no. 21279\/02, paragraph 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> Case <em>Groppera Radio AG and Others v Switzerland<\/em>,\ndecision of 20 March 1990, paragraph 68.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> Case<em> Kafkaris v Cyprus<\/em>, application no.\n21906\/04, paragraph 140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> \u201cRegulation of defamation\non the Internet&#8221; is the terminology that preceded the presentation of the\ndraft laws and afterwards accompanied the drafting and the publication phase of\nthese two draft laws that are in public consultation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> Although such\nmeasures may serve to important state interests &#8211; particularly national\nsecurity or public order protection &#8211; or to protect individual rights &#8211; such as\nfreedom, security and equality &#8211; they interfere with the freedom of expression\nand the right of access to information and, consequently, may have negative\nimplications on democratic values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Freedom of\nexpression includes the right to disseminate information or ideas that\n&#8220;offend, shake or disturb the state or any section of the\npopulation,&#8221; as the European Court of Human Rights states.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brief introduction The Internet &#8220;enables people to have access to information and services, to connect and communicate, and to globally share ideas and knowledge. It provides the essential tools for participation and consideration in political activities and other public interest activities[1].\u201d According to the European Court of Human Rights, the Internet is &#8220;an information and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,58,1,80],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktivitete","category-homeposts","category-kreupost","category-njoftime-per-shtyp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14693,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14692\/revisions\/14693"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ais.al\/new\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}